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intro_lcd [2026/06/01 13:33] – antoineintro_lcd [2026/06/05 10:46] (current) – [Working principle] yusufabdillah
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-TFT LCD, or thin-film-transistor liquid crystal display, is an **active matrix display** in which individual transistors control the sub-pixels. The transistors work as rapid electronic switches, which makes it possible to achieve a higher degree of voltage regulation, speed, and contrast compared to passive matrix displays.+TFT LCD, or **Thin-Film-Transistor** liquid crystal display, is an **active matrix display** in which individual transistors control the sub-pixels. The transistors work as rapid electronic switches, which makes it possible to achieve a higher degree of voltage regulation, speed, and contrast compared to passive matrix displays.
  
 The TFT circuitry is constructed on a glass substrate through semiconductor fabrication technology. This construction enables individual pixels to retain their charge during the intervals between refreshments with the aid of storage capacitors. The TFT circuitry is constructed on a glass substrate through semiconductor fabrication technology. This construction enables individual pixels to retain their charge during the intervals between refreshments with the aid of storage capacitors.
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 ===== Working principle===== ===== Working principle=====
  
-The working principle of TFT LCD starts with the generation of light. Since LCD does not emit any light of its own, a BLU composed of LEDs or CCFL generates uniform light ((Souk, Jun, et al., eds. Flat panel display manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.)). The generated light then passes through a polarizer that permits only those waves of light having particular polarization ((Yang, Deng-Ke, and Shin-Tson Wu. Fundamentals of liquid crystal devices. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.)).+The working principle of TFT LCD starts with the generation of light. Since LCD does not emit any light of its own, a backlight unit (BLU) composed of LEDs or CCFL generates uniform light ((Souk, Jun, et al., eds. Flat panel display manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.)). The generated light then passes through a polarizer that permits only those waves of light having particular polarization ((Yang, Deng-Ke, and Shin-Tson Wu. Fundamentals of liquid crystal devices. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.)).
  
 This display controls light at the sub-pixel level by employing an active matrix technology. In this technology, each pixel is attached to a thin film transistor that functions as an electronic switch. These switches apply voltage across a layer of liquid crystals sandwiched between two glass substrates. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules get twisted and change polarization of the incoming light waves. This display controls light at the sub-pixel level by employing an active matrix technology. In this technology, each pixel is attached to a thin film transistor that functions as an electronic switch. These switches apply voltage across a layer of liquid crystals sandwiched between two glass substrates. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules get twisted and change polarization of the incoming light waves.
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 After the light is modulated, it passes through colour filters made up of red, green, and blue (RGB) sub-pixels ((Souk, Jun, et al., eds. Flat panel display manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.)). By adjusting the intensity of these colours, the display can produce millions of different colours. Finally, the light passes through a second polarizer, called the analyzer, which is placed perpendicular to the first polarizer. Depending on how much the liquid crystals rotate the light, the analyzer either blocks or allows the light to pass, creating dark and bright areas that form the final image on the screen. After the light is modulated, it passes through colour filters made up of red, green, and blue (RGB) sub-pixels ((Souk, Jun, et al., eds. Flat panel display manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.)). By adjusting the intensity of these colours, the display can produce millions of different colours. Finally, the light passes through a second polarizer, called the analyzer, which is placed perpendicular to the first polarizer. Depending on how much the liquid crystals rotate the light, the analyzer either blocks or allows the light to pass, creating dark and bright areas that form the final image on the screen.
  
 +<figure center |working principle LCD>
 +{{ :tft_lcd_display-0808_2048x2048.gif | https://www.flyrobo.in/blog/tft-lcd-display?srsltid=AfmBOopt4kZhBhd7kuTj5JpsQgBkrGzl59Ex_V_-J-OvUnRaKuTo68F5}}
 +<caption> [[https://www.flyrobo.in/blog/tft-lcd-display?srsltid=AfmBOopt4kZhBhd7kuTj5JpsQgBkrGzl59Ex_V_-J-OvUnRaKuTo68F5 | Working principle of LCD ]] </caption>
 +</figure>
  
 =====  Core component ===== =====  Core component =====