naKnow Lib

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# HDD

## System Definition - Goal and scope

  * HDD = Hard Disk Drive
  * Storage device that uses magnetic storage to save, store and retrieve data

### Definition
#### What is it used for?
  * Save, store and retrieve data
  * It is permanent storage, unlike volatile memory like RAM.
  * Can be used in desktops, laptops, servers or for external storage.

#### Are there different types/technologies?

Interface:
  * SATA = Serial ATA
  * PATA = Parallel ATA
  * SCSI = Small Computer System Interface

Form factor:
  * 2.5 inch
  * 3.4 inch

#### If different types, what are the differences in terms of materials, process, use consumption?
#### Is there a generic component that represents a family of components?
#### How many sub-parts does the system consist of?

### Perimeter
#### What is included?
#### What is excluded?

### Functional unit and reference flows
#### What is the functional unit?
#### What are the reference flows?


## Life Cycle - Inventory
=> Goal: Define state of the art on life cycle stages to be considered.

### Database and tools
#### What are the already existing data (dataset, parametric model, paper, etc.)?

### Raw materials
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What is it made of?
#### Who are the main mining? Where are they located?
#### Is there mining processes information available?


### Manufacturing
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

//For each system sub-part://
#### What are the manufacturing processes?
#### What are the assembly processes?
#### For each process, what is the energy consumption?
#### For each process, what are the inputs (water, chemicals, etc.) ?
#### For each process, what is the yield? Are they co-products and/or losses?

//TBR//

An HDD is composed of the following elements:

Platters:
  * One or more
  * Double-sided
  * Glass substrates, coated with magnetic material
  * They are spinning, thanks to the motor.

Motor:
  * Spindle with motor

Read-write heads:
  * Positioned by actuators
  * It is flying 3 nm above the disk surface

Supporting electronics


#### How the “main” manufacturers can be characterized: by the number of components manufactured, the market share (€), other?
#### Who are the main manufacturers?
3 main manufacturers:
  * Seagate
  * Western Digital
  * Toshiba
#### Where are they located?

### Distribution and packaging
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What are the packaging? Made of which materials?
#### Which are the transport modes?
#### What are the transport distances?

### Use
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What is the service lifespan? (durée d'utilisation)
#### Is there a reparation factor?
#### Is there sub-parts replacement?

#### Where is it used?
#### Who are the users?
#### Which + how much energy does it need?
#### Is there emissions from use?

### End of life
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What is the lifetime? (durée de vie)
#### Is it different from lifespan and why?
#### Is it refurbished? + Where?
#### Is it recyclable? Can it be dismantled? Which material can be separated? + Where and how?
#### Is it incinerated with energy recovery? Just incinerated? Buried? + Where?
#### Which part of waste can be considered as mismanaged (neither recycled, nor incinerated, nor buried)?


## Environmental assessment
=> Goal: Define state of the art on environmental impacts. 

### What are the impact assessment methods used (EF, ReCiPe, others)?
### What are the known environmental impacts associated to the system (indicators)?
### What are the known hotspots? Which raw material? Which life stage?
Materials used:
  * Aluminium, copper, steel
  * "rare earth" (for magnet)

### What are the potential parameters affecting environmental impacts?
### What are the main source of uncertainty?



## Bibliography
=> Goal: Source every data we cited previously

### List of our sources
### Data origin: bibliographic source / consortium hypothesis / expert opinion - required if a Data Quality Rating (DQR) must be completed



## Next steps
=> Goal: List challenges and clarify priority areas for action

### What do we know we don't know?
### What are the identified challenges?
### What paths/ideas should be explored?