naKnow Lib

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# Screen

## System Definition - Goal and scope

A screen is an electronic device designed to render visual content, by displaying electronic images. It is composed of pixels, which light up to create the image.
### Definition

#### What is it used for?
* Render visual content, by displaying electronic images
* Used for laptop, tablet, smartphone, computer monitor, television

#### Are they different types and technologies?

Technologies:

* CRT = Cathode Ray Tube
* LCD = Liquid Crystal Displays
* LED = Light-Emitting Diode
* [[intro_OLED|OLED]] = Organic Light-Emitting Diode
* e-paper
* plasma
* SED = Surface-conduction Electron emitter Display

Can be touch-sensitive or not, flexible or rigid, transparent or not.

{{:capture_d_ecran_2026-04-01_090428.png?direct&400|}}
main panel types



#### If different types, what are the differences in terms of materials, process, use consumption?

* LCD screen: they have a backlight, a TFT (thin film transistor) matrix, liquid crysals, poliraziers
* [[intro_oled|OLED screens]]: no backlight needed, TFT matrix is optional, emissive materials are organic
* e-paper: TBC

#### Is there a generic component that represents a family of components?
TBC

#### How many sub-parts does the system consist of?
TBC

### Perimeter
#### What is included?
TBC
#### What is excluded?
TBC

### Functional unit and reference flows
#### What is the functional unit?
TBC
#### What are the reference flows?
TBC


## Life Cycle - Inventory
=> Goal: Define state of the art on life cycle stages to be considered.

### Database and tools
#### What are the already existing data (dataset, parametric model, paper, etc.)?
Ecoinvent dataset, Negaoctet dataset, draft of parametric in Léa Bitard's Master thesis (Resilio)

### Raw materials
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What is it made of?
#### Who are the main mining? Where are they located?
#### Is there mining processes information available?
### Manufacturing
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

  * [[screen_manufacturing|Manufacturing processes of screens]]

For each system sub-part:
#### What are the manufacturing processes?
#### What are the assembly processes?
#### For each process, what is the energy consumption?
#### For each process, what are the inputs (water, chemicals, etc.) ?
#### For each process, what is the yield? Are they co-products and/or losses?

#### How the “main” manufacturers can be characterized: by the number of components manufactured, the market share (€), other?
#### Who are the main manufacturers? Where are they located?

### Distribution and packaging
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What are the packaging? Made of which materials?
#### Which are the transport modes?
#### What are the transport distances?

### Use
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What is the service lifespan? (durée d'utilisation)
#### Is there a reparation factor?
#### Is there sub-parts replacement?

#### Where is it used?
#### Who are the users?
#### Which + how much energy does it need?
#### Is there emissions from use?

### End of life
=> Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.

#### What is the lifetime? (durée de vie)
#### Is it different from lifespan and why?
#### Is it refurbished? + Where?
#### Is it recyclable? Can it be dismantled? Which material can be separated? + Where and how?
#### Is it incinerated with energy recovery? Just incinerated? Buried? + Where?
#### Which part of waste can be considered as mismanaged (neither recycled, nor incinerated, nor buried)?


## Environmental assessment
=> Goal: Define state of the art on environmental impacts. 

### What are the impact assessment methods used (EF, ReCiPe, others)?
### What are the known environmental impacts associated to the system (indicators)?
### What are the known hotspots? Which raw material? Which life stage?

### What are the potential parameters affecting environmental impact?

* screen technology
* screen format: the ratio between the width and the height of the display
* diagonal lenght

### What are the main source of uncertainty?


## Bibliography
=> Goal: Source every data we cited previously

### List of our sources
### Data origin: bibliographic source / consortium hypothesis / expert opinion - required if a Data Quality Rating (DQR) must be completed



## Next steps
=> Goal: List challenges and clarify priority areas for action

### What do we know we don't know?

* The process technologies and yields must have improved in the past years.

### What are the identified challenges?

* Almost no data at all

### What paths/ideas should be explored?