# HDD ## System Definition - Goal and scope * HDD = Hard Disk Drive * Storage device that uses magnetic storage to save, store and retrieve data ### Definition #### What is it used for? * Save, store and retrieve data * It is permanent storage, unlike volatile memory like RAM. * Can be used in desktops, laptops, servers or for external storage. #### Are there different types/technologies? Interface: * SATA = Serial ATA * PATA = Parallel ATA * SCSI = Small Computer System Interface Form factor: * 2.5 inch * 3.4 inch #### If different types, what are the differences in terms of materials, process, use consumption? #### Is there a generic component that represents a family of components? #### How many sub-parts does the system consist of? ### Perimeter #### What is included? #### What is excluded? ### Functional unit and reference flows #### What is the functional unit? #### What are the reference flows? ## Life Cycle - Inventory => Goal: Define state of the art on life cycle stages to be considered. ### Database and tools #### What are the already existing data (dataset, parametric model, paper, etc.)? ### Raw materials => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI. #### What is it made of? #### Who are the main mining? Where are they located? #### Is there mining processes information available? ### Manufacturing => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI. //For each system sub-part:// #### What are the manufacturing processes? #### What are the assembly processes? #### For each process, what is the energy consumption? #### For each process, what are the inputs (water, chemicals, etc.) ? #### For each process, what is the yield? Are they co-products and/or losses? //TBR// An HDD is composed of the following elements: Platters: * One or more * Double-sided * Glass substrates, coated with magnetic material * They are spinning, thanks to the motor. Motor: * Spindle with motor Read-write heads: * Positioned by actuators * It is flying 3 nm above the disk surface Supporting electronics #### How the “main” manufacturers can be characterized: by the number of components manufactured, the market share (€), other? #### Who are the main manufacturers? 3 main manufacturers: * Seagate * Western Digital * Toshiba #### Where are they located? ### Distribution and packaging => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI. #### What are the packaging? Made of which materials? #### Which are the transport modes? #### What are the transport distances? ### Use => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI. #### What is the service lifespan? (durée d'utilisation) #### Is there a reparation factor? #### Is there sub-parts replacement? #### Where is it used? #### Who are the users? #### Which + how much energy does it need? #### Is there emissions from use? ### End of life => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI. #### What is the lifetime? (durée de vie) #### Is it different from lifespan and why? #### Is it refurbished? + Where? #### Is it recyclable? Can it be dismantled? Which material can be separated? + Where and how? #### Is it incinerated with energy recovery? Just incinerated? Buried? + Where? #### Which part of waste can be considered as mismanaged (neither recycled, nor incinerated, nor buried)? ## Environmental assessment => Goal: Define state of the art on environmental impacts. ### What are the impact assessment methods used (EF, ReCiPe, others)? ### What are the known environmental impacts associated to the system (indicators)? ### What are the known hotspots? Which raw material? Which life stage? Materials used: * Aluminium, copper, steel * "rare earth" (for magnet) ### What are the potential parameters affecting environmental impacts? ### What are the main source of uncertainty? ## Bibliography => Goal: Source every data we cited previously ### List of our sources ### Data origin: bibliographic source / consortium hypothesis / expert opinion - required if a Data Quality Rating (DQR) must be completed ## Next steps => Goal: List challenges and clarify priority areas for action ### What do we know we don't know? ### What are the identified challenges? ### What paths/ideas should be explored?