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intro_oled [2026/05/29 17:46] – [Applications] sophieintro_oled [2026/05/29 18:03] (current) – [Advantages and drawbacks of using OLEDs for screens] sophie
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 **AMOLEDs** include complete layers of cathode, organic components and anode. The layers of anode consist of **TFT (thin film transistors)** in parallel to form a matrix, which helps in switching each pixel to its on or off state as required hence, forming an image. When the pixels are not needed, they turn off or a black image on display occurs. This is least power consuming type and has quick refresh rates. They are best used in computer monitors, electronic signs or big TV screens.  **AMOLEDs** include complete layers of cathode, organic components and anode. The layers of anode consist of **TFT (thin film transistors)** in parallel to form a matrix, which helps in switching each pixel to its on or off state as required hence, forming an image. When the pixels are not needed, they turn off or a black image on display occurs. This is least power consuming type and has quick refresh rates. They are best used in computer monitors, electronic signs or big TV screens. 
-(([Q. Liu and T. Zhang, ‘Comparison between AMOLED and Traditional Display Technology and Application of AMOLED’, SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap., vol. 53, no. S1, pp. 1018–1021, 2022, doi: 10.1002/sdtp.16179.](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364399984_P-1314_Comparison_between_AMOLED_and_Traditional_Display_Technology_and_Application_of_AMOLED)))+[([Q. Liu and T. Zhang, ‘Comparison between AMOLED and Traditional Display Technology and Application of AMOLED’, SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap., vol. 53, no. S1, pp. 1018–1021, 2022, doi: 10.1002/sdtp.16179.](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364399984_P-1314_Comparison_between_AMOLED_and_Traditional_Display_Technology_and_Application_of_AMOLED))]
  
 - **PMOLED (Passive-Matrix OLED)** - **PMOLED (Passive-Matrix OLED)**
  
 In a **PMOLED** display, pixels are driven row by row through a passive grid of conductors, without any dedicated transistor per pixel. This simpler architecture comes with inherent limitations: as the number of rows increases, brightness decreases, and a high-current driver IC is required to compensate. As a result, PMOLEDs are generally restricted to **small screen sizes** and **lower resolutions**. However, their fabrication process is significantly simpler and less costly than that of AMOLEDs, since no complex TFT backplane is needed. They are commonly found in small devices such as MP3 players and secondary displays In a **PMOLED** display, pixels are driven row by row through a passive grid of conductors, without any dedicated transistor per pixel. This simpler architecture comes with inherent limitations: as the number of rows increases, brightness decreases, and a high-current driver IC is required to compensate. As a result, PMOLEDs are generally restricted to **small screen sizes** and **lower resolutions**. However, their fabrication process is significantly simpler and less costly than that of AMOLEDs, since no complex TFT backplane is needed. They are commonly found in small devices such as MP3 players and secondary displays
-(([Nikhil Sain and Deepesh Sharma, Priya Choudhary, ‘A Review Paper On: Organic Light-Emitting Diode (Oled) Technology and Applications’, International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 11, ISSN No. 2455-2143, pp. 587–591, 202](https://www.ijeast.com/papers/587-591%2CTesma411%2CIJEAST.pdf))) +[([Nikhil Sain and Deepesh Sharma, Priya Choudhary, ‘A Review Paper On: Organic Light-Emitting Diode (Oled) Technology and Applications’, International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 11, ISSN No. 2455-2143, pp. 587–591, 202](https://www.ijeast.com/papers/587-591%2CTesma411%2CIJEAST.pdf))] 
  
 <figure center |AMOLED_vs_PMOLED> <figure center |AMOLED_vs_PMOLED>
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 =====  Advantages and drawbacks of using OLEDs for screens ===== =====  Advantages and drawbacks of using OLEDs for screens =====
  
 TBA TBA
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 ===== Other topics ===== ===== Other topics =====
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 **Types of rigidity: flexible vs. rigid OLED screens ** **Types of rigidity: flexible vs. rigid OLED screens **
  
-Flexible OLED based products aren’t always bendable or foldable((P. Samorì and V. Palermo, [Flexible Carbon-based Electronics](https://books.google.fr/books?id=c_x0DwAAQBAJ). John Wiley & Sons, 2018)). Flexibility is used to provide the display with a non-traditional form factor, but it is then bonded to a rigid glass cover in the product. e.g.: some smartphones (Samsung Galaxy Note, LG G Flex), some smartwatches (Apple Watch, LG watch urbane). 1st smartphone using AMOLED flexible tehcnology = 2013. +Flexible OLED based products aren’t always bendable or foldable  
 +[(P. Samorì and V. Palermo, [Flexible Carbon-based Electronics](https://books.google.fr/books?id=c_x0DwAAQBAJ). John Wiley & Sons, 2018)]. Flexibility is used to provide the display with a non-traditional form factor, but it is then bonded to a rigid glass cover in the product. e.g.: some smartphones (Samsung Galaxy Note, LG G Flex), some smartwatches (Apple Watch, LG watch urbane). 1st smartphone using AMOLED flexible tehcnology = 2013. 
  
 The difference in the manufacturing of flexible and rigid OLEDs remains in two processes steps: substrate and encapsulation ([[screen_manufacturing|check this page]] for more information). The difference in the manufacturing of flexible and rigid OLEDs remains in two processes steps: substrate and encapsulation ([[screen_manufacturing|check this page]] for more information).
    
  
 +===== References =====
  
 +~~REFNOTES~~