Differences

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--- intro_pcb [2026/01/14 08:52] – louise
+++ intro_pcb [2026/01/14 09:12] (current) – louise
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ### Definition
-* What is it used for?
+#### What is it used for?
-* Are there different types/technologies?
-* If different types, what are the differences in terms of materials, process, use consumption?
-* Is there a generic component that represents a family of components?
-* How many sub-parts does the system consist of?
 * PCB = Printed Circuit Board
 * Other name: printed wiring board (PWB)
-* What we consider is a PCB without any electronic components on it = naked PCB
 * It is used to connect components to one another in an electronic circuit.
-They are various types of PCB. The two main ones are:
+#### Are there different types/technologies?
-  * Through-Hole Technology (THT), old technology. Still used for power electronics.
-  * Surface-Mount Technology (SMT), used in most digital equipment
+They are various types of PCBs.
+They can differ in terms of technology:
+  * **Through-Hole Technology** (THT), old technology. Still used for power electronics.
+  * **Surface-Mount Technology** (SMT), used in most digital equipment
+They can have different structures:
+  * Rigid
+  * Rigid-flex
+  * Flex
+They can be very different depending on their specialization too:
+  * High temperature
+  * Heavy copper
+  * High frequency
+  * Metal core
+  * High density
+  * Substrate-like
+#### If different types, what are the differences in terms of materials, process, use consumption?
+#### Is there a generic component that represents a family of components?
+#### How many sub-parts does the system consist of?
 ### Perimeter
-* What is included?
+#### What is included?
-* What is excluded?
+* Naked PCB
+  * Rigid
+  * Double-sided or multilayer
+#### What is excluded?
+* ICs on top of the PCB, without any electronic components on it
+* R&D activities to develop the PCB
 ### Functional unit and reference flows
-* What is the functional unit?
+#### What is the functional unit?
-* What are the reference flows?
+#### What are the reference flows?
@@ Line 37: / Line 64: @@
 ### Database and tools
-* What are the already existing data (dataset, parametric model, paper, etc.)?
+#### What are the already existing data (dataset, parametric model, paper, etc.)?
 ### Raw materials
 => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.
-* What is it made of?
+#### What is it made of?
-* Raw materials
+  * Raw materials
     * FR-4 = glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material (epoxy resin + glass fiber)
     * copper
-* Chemicals
+  * Chemicals
     * potassium carbonate
     * dicyanoaurate
@@ Line 54: / Line 81: @@
-* Who are the main mining? Where are they located?
+#### Who are the main mining? Where are they located?
-* Is there mining processes information available?
+#### Is there mining processes information available?
 ### Manufacturing
 => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.
 For each system sub-part:
-* What are the manufacturing processes?
+#### What are the manufacturing processes?
 * laminating
 * drilling
@@ Line 67: / Line 98: @@
 * plating
+#### What are the assembly processes?
+#### For each process, what is the energy consumption?
+#### For each process, what are the inputs (water, chemicals, etc.) ?
+#### For each process, what is the yield? Are they co-products and/or losses?
-* What are the assembly processes?
+#### How the “main” manufacturers can be characterized: by the number of components manufactured, the market share (€), other?
-* For each process, what is the energy consumption?
+#### Who are the main manufacturers? Where are they located?
-* For each process, what are the inputs (water, chemicals, etc.) ?
-* For each process, what is the yield? Are they co-products and/or losses?
-* How the “main” manufacturers can be characterized: by the number of components manufactured, the market share (€), other?
-* Who are the main manufacturers? Where are they located?
 ### Distribution and packaging
 => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.
-* What are the packaging? Made of which materials?
+#### What are the packaging? Made of which materials?
-* Which are the transport modes?
+#### Which are the transport modes?
-* What are the transport distances?
+#### What are the transport distances?
 ### Use
 => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.
-* What is the service lifespan? (durée d'utilisation)
+#### What is the service lifespan? (durée d'utilisation)
-* Is there a reparation factor?
+#### Is there a reparation factor?
-* Is there sub-parts replacement?
+#### Is there sub-parts replacement?
+#### Where is it used?
+#### Who are the users?
+#### Which + how much energy does it need?
+#### Is there emissions from use?
-* Where is it used?
-* Who are the users?
-* Which + how much energy does it need?
-* Is there emissions from use?
 ### End of life
 => Goal: List the technical information needed for the LCI.
-* What is the lifetime? (durée de vie)
+#### What is the lifetime? (durée de vie)
-* Is it different from lifespan and why?
+#### Is it different from lifespan and why?
-* Is it refurbished? + Where?
+#### Is it refurbished? + Where?
-* Is it recyclable? Can it be dismantled? Which material can be separated? + Where and how?
+#### Is it recyclable? Can it be dismantled? Which material can be separated? + Where and how?
-* Is it incinerated with energy recovery? Just incinerated? Buried? + Where?
+#### Is it incinerated with energy recovery? Just incinerated? Buried? + Where?
-* Which part of waste can be considered as mismanaged (neither recycled, nor incinerated, nor buried)?
+#### Which part of waste can be considered as mismanaged (neither recycled, nor incinerated, nor buried)?
 ## Environmental footprint
 => Goal: Define state of the art on environmental impacts.
-* What are the impact assessment methods used (EF, ReCiPe, others)?
+#### What are the impact assessment methods used (EF, ReCiPe, others)?
-* What are the known environmental impacts associated to the system (indicators)?
+#### What are the known environmental impacts associated to the system (indicators)?
-* What are the known hotspots? Which raw material? Which life stage?
+#### What are the known hotspots? Which raw material? Which life stage?
 * Processes
@@ Line 127: / Line 163: @@
-* What are the potential parameters affecting environmental impacts?
+#### What are the potential parameters affecting environmental impacts?
 Impactful parameters :
@@ Line 137: / Line 173: @@
 * Type of surface finish
-* What are the main source of uncertainty?
+#### What are the main source of uncertainty?
@@ Line 144: / Line 180: @@
 => Goal: Source every data we cited previously
-* List of our sources
+#### List of our sources
-* Data origin: bibliographic source / consortium hypothesis / expert opinion - required if a Data Quality Rating (DQR) must be completed
+#### Data origin: bibliographic source / consortium hypothesis / expert opinion - required if a Data Quality Rating (DQR) must be completed
@@ Line 152: / Line 188: @@
 => Goal: List challenges and clarify priority areas for action
-* What do we know we don't know?
+#### What do we know we don't know?
-* What are the identified challenges?
+#### What are the identified challenges?
-* What paths/ideas should be explored?
+#### What paths/ideas should be explored?